wholesale jewelry denton texs Automated manufacturing system entry

Nick

November 23, 2022 at 11:18 pm

the best jewelry wholesalers The automated manufacturing system includes rigid manufacturing and flexible manufacturing. The meaning of "rigidity" means that the production line can only produce a certain type of products with similar or similar production processes, which is manifested as the single nature of production products. Rigid manufacturing includes combined machine tools, special machine tools, rigid automated production lines, etc. "Flexible" refers to the diversity and variability of production organizations and production products and processes. It can be specifically manifested as the flexibility of the machine tool, the flexibility of the product, the flexibility of processing, and the flexibility of batch. Flexible manufacturing includes flexible manufacturing unit (FMC), flexible manufacturing system (FMS), flexible manufacturing line (FML), flexible assembly line (FAL), computer integration manufacturing system (CIMS), etc. The following is classified according to the production capacity and intelligence of automated manufacturing systems.
. Rigid automation production
1, rigid semi -automated single machine
Except for the spooping, the machine tool can automatically complete the processing cycle of a single process process. Such machine tools are called rigid semi -automated machine tools. This kind of machine tool is generally mechanical or electro -hydraulic composite control combination machine tools and special machine tools. It can be processed at the same time of multi -faceted, multi -axis, and multi -knife. The processing equipment is arranged in order of the processing process of the workpiece; Timing forcibly change the knife. If the knife is damaged and broken, the knife can be replaced; From the degree of complexity, rigid semi -automated stand -alone machine realizes the minimum level of processing automation, but it is less investment and fast -effectiveness. It is suitable for manufacturing systems with a large range of product varieties and large production batch. The disadvantage is that the workload is large, the quality of processing is poor, and the workers' labor intensity is also large.
2, rigid automation single machine
It is an automated machine tool formed by adding auxiliary devices such as automatic semi -automated single machines to the basis of rigid semi -automated single machine. The auxiliary device includes automatic workpiece transportation, feeding, feeding, automatic fixture, lifting device, and conversion device; chip processing is generally completed by the scraper and spiral transmission device. This kind of machine tool is also fully processed by a single process. Such machine tools often need to be customized or modified. They are often used in the variety of changes, but the production batch is particularly large. The main feature is that there are few investment and fast -effectiveness, but poor generality, which is the most common processing equipment for large -scale production.
3, rigid automation production line
rigid automated production line is a multi -station production process. Using the workpiece transfer system to connect various automated processing equipment and auxiliary equipment in a certain order, complete a single single under the action of the control system Complicated large systems for parts processing. On the rigid automatic line, the processed parts are shot in a certain production section, and the order of the sequence will automatically complete the entire processing process and part of the testing process of the parts reservation through each working location. Therefore, compared with rigid automation stand -alone, its structure is complicated and the task has many processes, so production efficiency is also very high. It is an indispensable processing equipment for small varieties and large -scale production. In addition, the rigid automatic production line also has the production cycle that can effectively shorten the production cycle, cancel the intermediate inventory of the semi -finished product, shorten the material process, reduce the production area, improve the labor conditions, and facilitate the pipe
. Its main disadvantages are large investment, long system adjustment cycle, and inconvenient replacement. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, people have developed the automatic line of combined machine tools, which can greatly shorten the line -building cycle. After replacement of the product, only some components of the machine tool can be replaced (such as replacing the spindle box) The production cost and can receive better use effects and economic effects. Combined machine tool automatic lines are mainly used for processing of drilling, expansion, hinges, crickets, attack threads and millings of boxes and other types of non -rotating body. The rigid automation production line is currently developing in the direction of rigidity.
It Figure 8-1 shows the overall layout diagram of the rigid automatic line of the processing parts. This automatic line produces 1,700 pieces of rotation parts, and the rough is iron casting iron. Due to the irregular shape of the workpiece, there is no suitable conveying base surface, and the installation and positioning of accompaniment is used to facilitate the transportation of the workpiece.
The automatic lines of this song, which are composed of 7 combined machine tools and 1 installation and unloading station. The entire positioning and clamping mechanism is concentrated in oil supply by 1 pump station. The transportation of the workpiece is driven by a pace of conveyor belt, and the conveyor belt is driven by a wire rope traction drive. Because the rough is positioned on the accompanying fixture, it requires manually to find positive, and no automatic feeding device is used. The compressed air spraying method is used to eliminate the chip on the machine tool processing station, and the compressed air is concentrated throughout the line. Deducting uses a chain board duct device to transport crumbs from below the middle base of the machine.
The automatic line layout adopts a straight line, the workpiece conveyor belt runs through each station, and the workpiece loading and unloading station 4 is set at the end of the automatic line. The accompanying fixture and the rough of the workpiece are raised through the lifts 5, and from the machine tool to the beginning of the automatic line. During the conveying process, there was no crumbs to sprinkle on the machine tool, on the conveyor belt, and the ground. Dedication delivery direction is opposite to the transmission direction of the workpiece. Central console 6 is located at the end of the automatic line.
The rigid automatic line productivity is high, but the flexibility is poor. When the processing workpiece changes, it is necessary to stop or stop the machine tools, fixtures, tools and other tooling equipment (such as replacing the spindle box, knife, clamping, etc.) Usually adjust the workload and long -term production.
. The FMC
Flexible Cell (Flexible Cell) is composed of a single CNC machine tool, machining center, and automatic transportation and replacement system. It is a variable processing unit that realizes single -processes processing. The machine tools in the unit are usually complementary in terms of process capacity, and different parts can be mixed. The system has an interface to form a flexible manufacturing system with other units.
1, FMC control system
FMC control system is generally divided into two levels, which are unit control levels and equipment control levels.
(1) Equipment control level is a single machine control for various equipment, such as robots, machine tools, coordinate measurement machines, cars, transmission devices, etc. The control system of this level is connected to the unit control system upward, and the device is connected to the device. The function of the device controller is to convert the workstation controller command into an operable, orderly simple task, and monitor the execution of these tasks through various sensors. The equipment control level generally uses a micro computer, bus controller or programming controller with strong control functions.
(2) Unit controlled control system. This control system is the activity of various equipment in the command and coordinated unit. , Dandruff removal, inspection during processing, unloading workpiece, and cleaning workpiece to dispatch the equipment -level subsystems. The unit control system generally adopts a miniature computer or workstation with limited real -time processing capabilities. The unit control level communicates between the RS232 interface and the device control level, and can form FMS through the interface with other systems.
2, the basic control function of FMC
(1) The task management and scheduling of each processing equipment in the unit, which includes the login and reporting of the operation of the unit operating plan, the planning and scheduling of the plan, the equipment and unit operation status Essence
(2) The management and dispatch of logistics equipment within the unit. These equipment include conveyor belts, track or trackless material transport vehicles, robots, pallet systems, workpiece loading and unloading stations, etc.
(3) The management of the tool system includes a tool request to the workshop controller and tool pre -adjustment instrument, distributing the tool to the machine tool that needs it.
In Figure 8-2 Flexible manufacturing unit
1 — CNC lathe 2 — Processing Center 3 — Loaning and Unloading Station 4 — Dragon Gate-type robot 5 — Malcation Center Controller
7 — Labbish CNC device 8 -Dragon Gate-type robot controller 9 — Little car controller 10 — Processing Center Controller 11 — Robot Controller
12 — Unit Controller 13, 14 — Transportation Cars
Flexible manufacturing units dominated by body parts. It includes 1 CNC lathe, 1 processing center, and two transportation cars for transmission between workpiece loading and unloading stations 3. CNC lathe 1 and processing center 2. Replace the tool, Robot 5 for the sword exchange between the knife library and the outer knife library 6. The control system consists of the lathe CNC device 7, the Dragon Gate -type robotic controller 8, the car controller 9, the processing center controller 10, the robot controller 11, and the unit controller 12. The unit controller is responsible for the control, scheduling, information exchange and monitoring of the unit composition of the device.
FIG. 8-3 Flexible manufacturing unit with a tray library
1-knife library 2-sword-changing robot 3-pallet library 4-handle and handle exchange agency
Figure 8-3 Show is the flexible manufacturing unit of the processing bonding parts. The unit host is a horizontal processing center with 70 knife library capacity. It uses dual robotic hand -changing knives and is equipped with 8 -station automatic switching tray libraries. The tray library is a ring rotor. The countertop of the tray library is inherited on the cylindrical ring guide, dragged back by the inner ring chain, and the sprocket is driven by the motor. The selection and positioning of the tray is controlled by a programmable controller. The pallet library has functions such as positive and reverse rotation, random selection and jump scores. The exchange of the tray is achieved by the hydraulic push -push mechanism located in the center of the ring table. There is a workpiece loading and unloading station next to the tray library, and there is an automatic scrap device on both sides of the machine.
. The Flexible System (Flexible System) is composed of two or more processing centers or CNC machine tools, and the material flow and information flow are achieved on the basis of processing automation. Automation, its basic components are: automation processing equipment, workpiece storage and transportation system, tool storage and transportation system, multi -layer computer control system, etc.
1. Automated processing equipment
The automated processing equipment formed FMS includes CNC machine tools, machining centers, driving centers, etc., and may also be a flexible manufacturing unit. These processing devices are controlled by computer, and changes in processing parts generally only need to change the digital control program, so they have high flexibility. Automated processing equipment is the most basic and most important equipment for automated manufacturing systems.
2, workpiece storage and transportation system
FMS workpiece storage and transportation system consists of workpiece library, workpiece transportation equipment and replacement devices. The workpiece library includes an automated stereo warehouse and a tray (workpiece) buffer station. The workpiece transportation equipment includes a variety of conveyor belts, transport vehicles, robots or robots. The workpiece replacement device includes a variety of robots or robotics, tray exchange devices.
3, tool storage and transportation system
FMS's tool storage and transportation system consists of a tool library, tool conveying device and exchange mechanism. The knife library has a central knife library and machine tool knife library. The tool conveying device has different forms of transport car, robot or robotic player. The tool exchange device usually refers to the knife -changing mechanism on the machine tool, such as the knife -changing robot.
4, auxiliary equipment
fms can configure the auxiliary device according to the needs of production. The auxiliary equipment generally includes: ① automatic cleaning workstation; ② automatic removal of the burrs; ③ automatic measurement equipment; ④ centralized dandruff transportation system; ⑤ centralized cooling lubrication system, etc.
5, multi -layer computer control system
fms control system adopts three -level control, which are unit control level, workstation control level, and equipment control level. Figure 8-4 is an instance of a FMS control system. The system includes automatic-directional car (AGV), TH6350 horizontal processing center, XH714A vertical processing center, and warehousing equipment.
Figure 8-4 FMS control system instance
(1) The equipment control level is a single control of various equipment, such as robots, machine tools, coordinates, cars, transmission devices, and storage/retrieval. The control system at this level is connected to the workstation control system with the interface and connects to the device downward. The function of the device controller is to convert the workstation controller command into an operable, orderly simple task, and monitor the execution of these tasks through various sensors

(2) Workstation control level FMS workstation is generally divided into processing workstations and logistics workstations. The processing workstation has completed the processing process, tool replacement, inspection and other management of each station; the logistics workstation completes the management of raw materials, finished products and semi -finished products, transportation, transportation, and station transformation.这一级控制系统是指挥和协调单元中一个设备小组的活动，处理由物料贮运系统交来的零件托盘，并通过控制工件调整、零件夹紧、切削加工、切屑清除、加工过程中检验、 Remove the function of the workpiece and cleaning workpiece to dispatch the equipment -level subsystems. Control systems such as equipment control level and workstation control level generally use industrial control machines such as micro -computers, bus controllers or programming controllers with strong control functions with strong control functions.
(3) Unit controlled unit control level, as the highest -level control of FMS, is the overall control system of all production activities. At the same time, it is also the bridge that connects to the information connection with the controller of the superior (workshop) controller. Therefore, the unit controller is of great significance to achieve effective integration control of the bottom three layers and improve the economic benefits of FMS, especially production capacity. The unit control level generally adopts small computers or workstations with strong real -time processing capabilities.
In Figure 8-5 is a more typical FMS. The four processing centers are straightforward. The workpiece storage and transportation system is by a tray station 2. The tray transportation-free car 4, the workpiece loading and unloading station 3, and the arrangement of the processing center in front of the processing center The tray exchange device 12 is composed of 12. The knife storage and transportation system consists of a central knife library 8, tool entry and exit station 6, tool conveying robot mobile vehicle 7, and knife pre -adjustment instrument 5. Unit controller 9. Workstation controller (not marked in the figure) and equipment control device to form a three -level computer control. The dandruff transportation system does not adopt a centralized transportation method, and each machining center is equipped with dandruff transportation devices.
FIG. 8-6 Flexible manufacturing system with assembly function
1 — control cabinet 2 — manual station 3 — fastener robot 4 — arms robot 6 — warehouse r r r r
8 -Driving Machining Center 9 — Multi -Coordinate Measurement 10 —— Circles Milling Machining Center 11 — Pre -adjustment Station 12 — Pretending Robot 13 — Small Overcoming Station 14 — Picking Piping Station 15 — AGV (Automatic Guidance Cars) 16— 16 — Control area
FIG. 8-6 is a flexible manufacturing system with flexible assembly function. The right part of the figure is a machining system. There is a pillar milling processing center 10 and a driving center 8.9 is a multi -coordinate measuring instrument. 7 is a three -dimensional warehouse and 14 is a fixture area. The left of the figure is a flexible assembly system, one of which is loaded with robot 12, three fixture fixture robots 3, 4, and 13; a two -arm robot 5, a handmade station 2 and a conveyor belt. The two systems of flexible processing and flexible assembly are connected by a automatic vehicle as a transport system 15. The measurement equipment is also integrated within the scope of the general control system.
The main characteristics of the flexible manufacturing system are: ① high flexible, adapting to multiple varieties of small and medium -sized production; ② the machine tool process capabilities in the system are supplemented and replaced by each other; ③ different parts of mixed flow processing; Adjust or repair the operation of the entire system; ⑤ Multi -layer computer control can be connected to the upper -level computer; ⑥ can perform three classes unmanned production.
4. Flexible manufacturing line FML
The Flexible Line is composed of automated processing equipment, workpiece transmission system, and control system. The boundaries between FENE Manufacturing Line FML and Flexible Manufacturing System are also very vague. The important difference between the two is that the former is the same as the rigid automatic line. The transmission direction of the workpiece is also random. Flexible manufacturing lines are mainly suitable for medium -batch and large quantities with small varieties. The online machine tools are mainly the box -type and tower processing centers of the multi -axis spindle box. After the workpiece is transformed, the main shaft box of each machine can be replaced automatically. At the same time, the corresponding CNC program is adjusted, and the production auction will be adjusted accordingly.
The main advantages of flexible manufacturing lines are: most of the advantages of rigid automatic lines. When the batch is not very large, the production cost is much lower than the rigid automatic line. The rigid automatic line is much less, but the total cost of establishing the system is much higher than the rigid automatic line. Sometimes in order to save investment and improve the operating efficiency of the system, the flexible manufacturing line often adopts a combination of rigidity, that is, some of the equipment of the production line adopts rigid dedicated equipment (mainly combined machine tools), and the other part uses a box or a knife -changing flexible processing machine tool. Essence
1. Automated processing equipment for automation processing equipment to form FML has CNC machine tools and replaceable spindle box machine tools. The replacement of the main axis box machine is a intermediate model between the processing center and the combination machine tool. There is a spindle box library around the main shaft box machine, and the main axis box is replaced according to the needs of the processing workpiece. The spindle box is usually multi -axis. It can be replaced with a multi -faceted, multi -axis, and multi -knife simultaneous processing of workpieces. It is a high -efficiency machine tool.
2, the workpiece conveying system of the FML of the workpiece transport system is similar to the rigid automatic line. Various conveyor transportation workpieces are used.
3, the tool can be replaced with a few knives on the main shaft box. The main shaft box itself plays the role of the tool library. The installation and adjustment of the tools are generally carried out by manual, and the knife is forced to change the knife.
Figure 8-7 Flexible manufacturing line diagram
Figure 8-7 is a flexible automatic line schematic diagram of the one-processing box parts. Composition of the box switching machine tool and a box -type box machine tool. Use the roller teleportation belt to convey the workpiece. This automatic line looks no different from the rigid automatic line, but it has certain flexibility. FML has some characteristics of rigid automatic lines and FMS. It is close to FMS in flexibility and is close to the rigid automatic line in productivity.
. Fle
Flexible Assembly Line is usually composed of assembly stations, material conveying devices and control systems.
1, assembly station
fal's assembly stations can be a programmable assembly robot, an unpredictable automatic assembly device and artificial assembly station.
2, material transportation device
In FAL, the material transport device provides a variety of assembly parts for the assembly process according to the assembly process process, so that different parts and semi -finished products that have been assembled are rationally flowing between the assembly points. At the same time, the finished parts (or products) must be separated from the scene. The conveyor device consists of a conveyor belt and a conversion mechanism.
3, the control system
fal's control system to dispatch and monitor the entire line, mainly to control the flow of materials, automatic assembly stations and assembly robots.
Figure 8-8 Flexible assembly schematic
1 —— driverless conveying device 2 — conveyor belt 3 — arms assembly robot 4 — n5 — twist thread robot 6 — artificially artificial artificial artificial Installation station 8 — investment workstation
Figure 8-8 is a schematic diagram of FAL. There are unmanned driving conveying devices in the line, teleportation belt 2, arms assembly robot 3, assembly robot 4, twisting thread robot 5, automatic assembly assembly, automatic assembly assembly Station 6, artificial assembly station 7 and investment workstation 8 and other composition. There are feeders and feed robots in the investment workstation. The library has a multi -layer overlapping box. These boxes can be pulled out, also called drawers, and the parts to be installed are stored in these boxes. The feasting robot has a variety of clamps, which can automatically remove the parts from the box and place it in a tray. The tray with parts with parts is automatically sent to the assembly robot or assembly station by the conveyor belt.
6. Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS)
Computer System (Computer System) is a kind of market analysis, product design, processing manufacturing, operation management, after -sales service and integration. The control and information processing function enables the information flow, material flow, value flow and human resources of the enterprise to achieve organic integration of human resources, realize the rapid update of products, greatly improved productivity, stable quality, effective use of funds, reduced losses, reasonable personnel allocation of personnel, fast markets, fast markets A new enterprise production model for feedback and good services. The function composition of
1, cims
cims includes the following content, as shown in Figure 8-9.
(1) Management function CIMS can reasonably allocate and effectively coordinate production plans, materials procurement, warehousing and transportation, funds and finance and human resources.
(2) The design function CIMS can use technical means such as CAD, CAE, CAPP (computer -aided process compilation), NCP (CNC program compilation) to achieve product design and process design.
(3) The manufacturing function CIMS can automatically organize production equipment (CNC, FMC, FMS, FAL, Robotics, etc.), storage and transportation equipment and auxiliary equipment (feeding, crumbs, cleaning and other equipment) to complete according to process requirements Manufacturing process.
Figure 8-9 CIMS composition
(4) Quality control function CIMS uses CAQ (computer-aided quality management) to complete the quality management and quality assurance of the production process. , Also participate in the test and monitoring of the production process in the hardware.
(5) Integrated control and network functions CIMS adopts multi -layer computer management mode, such as factory control level, workshop control level, unit control level, workstation control level, equipment control level, etc. And rely on the network to implement information transmission. CIMS can also establish network communication channels with customers to achieve automatic ordering, service feedback, and foreign association cooperation.
In from the above introduction, Cims is currently the highest -level automated manufacturing system, but this does not mean that CIMS is a fully automated manufacturing system. In fact, the degree of automation of CIMS is even lower than the flexible manufacturing system. CIMS emphasizes information integration, not the automation of the manufacturing process logistics. The main feature of Cims is that the system is very large, including a lot of content. It is very difficult to fully achieve it in a enterprise. However, some integration methods can be adopted to gradually realize the information and functional integration of the entire enterprise. The key technologies of
2, Cims
Cims are the products of the comprehensive application of traditional manufacturing technology, automation technology, information technology, management science, network technology, and system engineering technology. They are complex and huge system engineering. The main features of CIMS are computerization, informatization, intelligence, and high integration. At present, various countries are in the application stage of local integration and lower levels. The key technologies that CIMS needs to solve mainly include information integration, process integration, and enterprise integration.
(1) Information integration aims at different units of design, management and processing and manufacturing to achieve correct and efficient sharing and exchange of information. It is a problem that improves enterprise technology and management levels. The primary problem of information integration is to establish a system model for enterprises. Use the system model of the enterprise to scientifically analyze and the functional relationship, information relationship and dynamic relationship of each part of the enterprise, and solve the relationship between the material flow, information flow, value flow, and decision -making flow of the enterprise. This is the integration of enterprise information integration. Base. Secondly, because the system contains different operating systems, control systems, databases, and application software, and different communication protocols may be used between various systems, information integration must also deal with interface problems between information.
(2) In order to improve the goals such as T (efficiency), Q (quality), C (cost), S (service), E (environment), integrated enterprises must be processed in addition to information integration. Optimization and coordination between good process. Process integration requires product development, process design, manufacturing, and supply of various serial processes to transform into parallel processes as much as possible. Wait, and foresee the quality of the product, after -sales service content, etc. Process integration also includes rapid reactions and dynamic adjustments, that is, when there is no predictive deviation in a certain process, the relevant process is adjusted in time to adjust the plan and plan.
(3) Enterprise integration makes full use of global material resources, information resources, technical resources, manufacturing resources, talent resources, and user resources to meet the intelligentization of human -centered products centered. For the goal, the integration of enterprises is to solve the key technologies of resource sharing, resource optimization, information services, virtual manufacturing, parallel engineering, and network platforms.

1 thought on “wholesale jewelry denton texs Automated manufacturing system entry”

Nick
November 23, 2022 at 11:18 pm

the best jewelry wholesalers The automated manufacturing system includes rigid manufacturing and flexible manufacturing. The meaning of "rigidity" means that the production line can only produce a certain type of products with similar or similar production processes, which is manifested as the single nature of production products. Rigid manufacturing includes combined machine tools, special machine tools, rigid automated production lines, etc. "Flexible" refers to the diversity and variability of production organizations and production products and processes. It can be specifically manifested as the flexibility of the machine tool, the flexibility of the product, the flexibility of processing, and the flexibility of batch. Flexible manufacturing includes flexible manufacturing unit (FMC), flexible manufacturing system (FMS), flexible manufacturing line (FML), flexible assembly line (FAL), computer integration manufacturing system (CIMS), etc. The following is classified according to the production capacity and intelligence of automated manufacturing systems.
. Rigid automation production
1, rigid semi -automated single machine
Except for the spooping, the machine tool can automatically complete the processing cycle of a single process process. Such machine tools are called rigid semi -automated machine tools. This kind of machine tool is generally mechanical or electro -hydraulic composite control combination machine tools and special machine tools. It can be processed at the same time of multi -faceted, multi -axis, and multi -knife. The processing equipment is arranged in order of the processing process of the workpiece; Timing forcibly change the knife. If the knife is damaged and broken, the knife can be replaced; From the degree of complexity, rigid semi -automated stand -alone machine realizes the minimum level of processing automation, but it is less investment and fast -effectiveness. It is suitable for manufacturing systems with a large range of product varieties and large production batch. The disadvantage is that the workload is large, the quality of processing is poor, and the workers' labor intensity is also large.
2, rigid automation single machine
It is an automated machine tool formed by adding auxiliary devices such as automatic semi -automated single machines to the basis of rigid semi -automated single machine. The auxiliary device includes automatic workpiece transportation, feeding, feeding, automatic fixture, lifting device, and conversion device; chip processing is generally completed by the scraper and spiral transmission device. This kind of machine tool is also fully processed by a single process. Such machine tools often need to be customized or modified. They are often used in the variety of changes, but the production batch is particularly large. The main feature is that there are few investment and fast -effectiveness, but poor generality, which is the most common processing equipment for large -scale production.
3, rigid automation production line
rigid automated production line is a multi -station production process. Using the workpiece transfer system to connect various automated processing equipment and auxiliary equipment in a certain order, complete a single single under the action of the control system Complicated large systems for parts processing. On the rigid automatic line, the processed parts are shot in a certain production section, and the order of the sequence will automatically complete the entire processing process and part of the testing process of the parts reservation through each working location. Therefore, compared with rigid automation stand -alone, its structure is complicated and the task has many processes, so production efficiency is also very high. It is an indispensable processing equipment for small varieties and large -scale production. In addition, the rigid automatic production line also has the production cycle that can effectively shorten the production cycle, cancel the intermediate inventory of the semi -finished product, shorten the material process, reduce the production area, improve the labor conditions, and facilitate the pipe
. Its main disadvantages are large investment, long system adjustment cycle, and inconvenient replacement. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, people have developed the automatic line of combined machine tools, which can greatly shorten the line -building cycle. After replacement of the product, only some components of the machine tool can be replaced (such as replacing the spindle box) The production cost and can receive better use effects and economic effects. Combined machine tool automatic lines are mainly used for processing of drilling, expansion, hinges, crickets, attack threads and millings of boxes and other types of non -rotating body. The rigid automation production line is currently developing in the direction of rigidity.
It Figure 8-1 shows the overall layout diagram of the rigid automatic line of the processing parts. This automatic line produces 1,700 pieces of rotation parts, and the rough is iron casting iron. Due to the irregular shape of the workpiece, there is no suitable conveying base surface, and the installation and positioning of accompaniment is used to facilitate the transportation of the workpiece.
The automatic lines of this song, which are composed of 7 combined machine tools and 1 installation and unloading station. The entire positioning and clamping mechanism is concentrated in oil supply by 1 pump station. The transportation of the workpiece is driven by a pace of conveyor belt, and the conveyor belt is driven by a wire rope traction drive. Because the rough is positioned on the accompanying fixture, it requires manually to find positive, and no automatic feeding device is used. The compressed air spraying method is used to eliminate the chip on the machine tool processing station, and the compressed air is concentrated throughout the line. Deducting uses a chain board duct device to transport crumbs from below the middle base of the machine.
The automatic line layout adopts a straight line, the workpiece conveyor belt runs through each station, and the workpiece loading and unloading station 4 is set at the end of the automatic line. The accompanying fixture and the rough of the workpiece are raised through the lifts 5, and from the machine tool to the beginning of the automatic line. During the conveying process, there was no crumbs to sprinkle on the machine tool, on the conveyor belt, and the ground. Dedication delivery direction is opposite to the transmission direction of the workpiece. Central console 6 is located at the end of the automatic line.
The rigid automatic line productivity is high, but the flexibility is poor. When the processing workpiece changes, it is necessary to stop or stop the machine tools, fixtures, tools and other tooling equipment (such as replacing the spindle box, knife, clamping, etc.) Usually adjust the workload and long -term production.
. The FMC
Flexible Cell (Flexible Cell) is composed of a single CNC machine tool, machining center, and automatic transportation and replacement system. It is a variable processing unit that realizes single -processes processing. The machine tools in the unit are usually complementary in terms of process capacity, and different parts can be mixed. The system has an interface to form a flexible manufacturing system with other units.
1, FMC control system
FMC control system is generally divided into two levels, which are unit control levels and equipment control levels.
(1) Equipment control level is a single machine control for various equipment, such as robots, machine tools, coordinate measurement machines, cars, transmission devices, etc. The control system of this level is connected to the unit control system upward, and the device is connected to the device. The function of the device controller is to convert the workstation controller command into an operable, orderly simple task, and monitor the execution of these tasks through various sensors. The equipment control level generally uses a micro computer, bus controller or programming controller with strong control functions.
(2) Unit controlled control system. This control system is the activity of various equipment in the command and coordinated unit. , Dandruff removal, inspection during processing, unloading workpiece, and cleaning workpiece to dispatch the equipment -level subsystems. The unit control system generally adopts a miniature computer or workstation with limited real -time processing capabilities. The unit control level communicates between the RS232 interface and the device control level, and can form FMS through the interface with other systems.
2, the basic control function of FMC
(1) The task management and scheduling of each processing equipment in the unit, which includes the login and reporting of the operation of the unit operating plan, the planning and scheduling of the plan, the equipment and unit operation status Essence
(2) The management and dispatch of logistics equipment within the unit. These equipment include conveyor belts, track or trackless material transport vehicles, robots, pallet systems, workpiece loading and unloading stations, etc.
(3) The management of the tool system includes a tool request to the workshop controller and tool pre -adjustment instrument, distributing the tool to the machine tool that needs it.
In Figure 8-2 Flexible manufacturing unit
1 — CNC lathe 2 — Processing Center 3 — Loaning and Unloading Station 4 — Dragon Gate-type robot 5 — Malcation Center Controller
7 — Labbish CNC device 8 -Dragon Gate-type robot controller 9 — Little car controller 10 — Processing Center Controller 11 — Robot Controller
12 — Unit Controller 13, 14 — Transportation Cars
Flexible manufacturing units dominated by body parts. It includes 1 CNC lathe, 1 processing center, and two transportation cars for transmission between workpiece loading and unloading stations 3. CNC lathe 1 and processing center 2. Replace the tool, Robot 5 for the sword exchange between the knife library and the outer knife library 6. The control system consists of the lathe CNC device 7, the Dragon Gate -type robotic controller 8, the car controller 9, the processing center controller 10, the robot controller 11, and the unit controller 12. The unit controller is responsible for the control, scheduling, information exchange and monitoring of the unit composition of the device.
FIG. 8-3 Flexible manufacturing unit with a tray library
1-knife library 2-sword-changing robot 3-pallet library 4-handle and handle exchange agency
Figure 8-3 Show is the flexible manufacturing unit of the processing bonding parts. The unit host is a horizontal processing center with 70 knife library capacity. It uses dual robotic hand -changing knives and is equipped with 8 -station automatic switching tray libraries. The tray library is a ring rotor. The countertop of the tray library is inherited on the cylindrical ring guide, dragged back by the inner ring chain, and the sprocket is driven by the motor. The selection and positioning of the tray is controlled by a programmable controller. The pallet library has functions such as positive and reverse rotation, random selection and jump scores. The exchange of the tray is achieved by the hydraulic push -push mechanism located in the center of the ring table. There is a workpiece loading and unloading station next to the tray library, and there is an automatic scrap device on both sides of the machine.
. The Flexible System (Flexible System) is composed of two or more processing centers or CNC machine tools, and the material flow and information flow are achieved on the basis of processing automation. Automation, its basic components are: automation processing equipment, workpiece storage and transportation system, tool storage and transportation system, multi -layer computer control system, etc.
1. Automated processing equipment
The automated processing equipment formed FMS includes CNC machine tools, machining centers, driving centers, etc., and may also be a flexible manufacturing unit. These processing devices are controlled by computer, and changes in processing parts generally only need to change the digital control program, so they have high flexibility. Automated processing equipment is the most basic and most important equipment for automated manufacturing systems.
2, workpiece storage and transportation system
FMS workpiece storage and transportation system consists of workpiece library, workpiece transportation equipment and replacement devices. The workpiece library includes an automated stereo warehouse and a tray (workpiece) buffer station. The workpiece transportation equipment includes a variety of conveyor belts, transport vehicles, robots or robots. The workpiece replacement device includes a variety of robots or robotics, tray exchange devices.
3, tool storage and transportation system
FMS's tool storage and transportation system consists of a tool library, tool conveying device and exchange mechanism. The knife library has a central knife library and machine tool knife library. The tool conveying device has different forms of transport car, robot or robotic player. The tool exchange device usually refers to the knife -changing mechanism on the machine tool, such as the knife -changing robot.
4, auxiliary equipment
fms can configure the auxiliary device according to the needs of production. The auxiliary equipment generally includes: ① automatic cleaning workstation; ② automatic removal of the burrs; ③ automatic measurement equipment; ④ centralized dandruff transportation system; ⑤ centralized cooling lubrication system, etc.
5, multi -layer computer control system
fms control system adopts three -level control, which are unit control level, workstation control level, and equipment control level. Figure 8-4 is an instance of a FMS control system. The system includes automatic-directional car (AGV), TH6350 horizontal processing center, XH714A vertical processing center, and warehousing equipment.
Figure 8-4 FMS control system instance
(1) The equipment control level is a single control of various equipment, such as robots, machine tools, coordinates, cars, transmission devices, and storage/retrieval. The control system at this level is connected to the workstation control system with the interface and connects to the device downward. The function of the device controller is to convert the workstation controller command into an operable, orderly simple task, and monitor the execution of these tasks through various sensors

(2) Workstation control level FMS workstation is generally divided into processing workstations and logistics workstations. The processing workstation has completed the processing process, tool replacement, inspection and other management of each station; the logistics workstation completes the management of raw materials, finished products and semi -finished products, transportation, transportation, and station transformation.这一级控制系统是指挥和协调单元中一个设备小组的活动，处理由物料贮运系统交来的零件托盘，并通过控制工件调整、零件夹紧、切削加工、切屑清除、加工过程中检验、 Remove the function of the workpiece and cleaning workpiece to dispatch the equipment -level subsystems. Control systems such as equipment control level and workstation control level generally use industrial control machines such as micro -computers, bus controllers or programming controllers with strong control functions with strong control functions.
(3) Unit controlled unit control level, as the highest -level control of FMS, is the overall control system of all production activities. At the same time, it is also the bridge that connects to the information connection with the controller of the superior (workshop) controller. Therefore, the unit controller is of great significance to achieve effective integration control of the bottom three layers and improve the economic benefits of FMS, especially production capacity. The unit control level generally adopts small computers or workstations with strong real -time processing capabilities.
In Figure 8-5 is a more typical FMS. The four processing centers are straightforward. The workpiece storage and transportation system is by a tray station 2. The tray transportation-free car 4, the workpiece loading and unloading station 3, and the arrangement of the processing center in front of the processing center The tray exchange device 12 is composed of 12. The knife storage and transportation system consists of a central knife library 8, tool entry and exit station 6, tool conveying robot mobile vehicle 7, and knife pre -adjustment instrument 5. Unit controller 9. Workstation controller (not marked in the figure) and equipment control device to form a three -level computer control. The dandruff transportation system does not adopt a centralized transportation method, and each machining center is equipped with dandruff transportation devices.
FIG. 8-6 Flexible manufacturing system with assembly function
1 — control cabinet 2 — manual station 3 — fastener robot 4 — arms robot 6 — warehouse r r r r
8 -Driving Machining Center 9 — Multi -Coordinate Measurement 10 —— Circles Milling Machining Center 11 — Pre -adjustment Station 12 — Pretending Robot 13 — Small Overcoming Station 14 — Picking Piping Station 15 — AGV (Automatic Guidance Cars) 16— 16 — Control area
FIG. 8-6 is a flexible manufacturing system with flexible assembly function. The right part of the figure is a machining system. There is a pillar milling processing center 10 and a driving center 8.9 is a multi -coordinate measuring instrument. 7 is a three -dimensional warehouse and 14 is a fixture area. The left of the figure is a flexible assembly system, one of which is loaded with robot 12, three fixture fixture robots 3, 4, and 13; a two -arm robot 5, a handmade station 2 and a conveyor belt. The two systems of flexible processing and flexible assembly are connected by a automatic vehicle as a transport system 15. The measurement equipment is also integrated within the scope of the general control system.
The main characteristics of the flexible manufacturing system are: ① high flexible, adapting to multiple varieties of small and medium -sized production; ② the machine tool process capabilities in the system are supplemented and replaced by each other; ③ different parts of mixed flow processing; Adjust or repair the operation of the entire system; ⑤ Multi -layer computer control can be connected to the upper -level computer; ⑥ can perform three classes unmanned production.
4. Flexible manufacturing line FML
The Flexible Line is composed of automated processing equipment, workpiece transmission system, and control system. The boundaries between FENE Manufacturing Line FML and Flexible Manufacturing System are also very vague. The important difference between the two is that the former is the same as the rigid automatic line. The transmission direction of the workpiece is also random. Flexible manufacturing lines are mainly suitable for medium -batch and large quantities with small varieties. The online machine tools are mainly the box -type and tower processing centers of the multi -axis spindle box. After the workpiece is transformed, the main shaft box of each machine can be replaced automatically. At the same time, the corresponding CNC program is adjusted, and the production auction will be adjusted accordingly.
The main advantages of flexible manufacturing lines are: most of the advantages of rigid automatic lines. When the batch is not very large, the production cost is much lower than the rigid automatic line. The rigid automatic line is much less, but the total cost of establishing the system is much higher than the rigid automatic line. Sometimes in order to save investment and improve the operating efficiency of the system, the flexible manufacturing line often adopts a combination of rigidity, that is, some of the equipment of the production line adopts rigid dedicated equipment (mainly combined machine tools), and the other part uses a box or a knife -changing flexible processing machine tool. Essence
1. Automated processing equipment for automation processing equipment to form FML has CNC machine tools and replaceable spindle box machine tools. The replacement of the main axis box machine is a intermediate model between the processing center and the combination machine tool. There is a spindle box library around the main shaft box machine, and the main axis box is replaced according to the needs of the processing workpiece. The spindle box is usually multi -axis. It can be replaced with a multi -faceted, multi -axis, and multi -knife simultaneous processing of workpieces. It is a high -efficiency machine tool.
2, the workpiece conveying system of the FML of the workpiece transport system is similar to the rigid automatic line. Various conveyor transportation workpieces are used.
3, the tool can be replaced with a few knives on the main shaft box. The main shaft box itself plays the role of the tool library. The installation and adjustment of the tools are generally carried out by manual, and the knife is forced to change the knife.
Figure 8-7 Flexible manufacturing line diagram
Figure 8-7 is a flexible automatic line schematic diagram of the one-processing box parts. Composition of the box switching machine tool and a box -type box machine tool. Use the roller teleportation belt to convey the workpiece. This automatic line looks no different from the rigid automatic line, but it has certain flexibility. FML has some characteristics of rigid automatic lines and FMS. It is close to FMS in flexibility and is close to the rigid automatic line in productivity.
. Fle
Flexible Assembly Line is usually composed of assembly stations, material conveying devices and control systems.
1, assembly station
fal's assembly stations can be a programmable assembly robot, an unpredictable automatic assembly device and artificial assembly station.
2, material transportation device
In FAL, the material transport device provides a variety of assembly parts for the assembly process according to the assembly process process, so that different parts and semi -finished products that have been assembled are rationally flowing between the assembly points. At the same time, the finished parts (or products) must be separated from the scene. The conveyor device consists of a conveyor belt and a conversion mechanism.
3, the control system
fal's control system to dispatch and monitor the entire line, mainly to control the flow of materials, automatic assembly stations and assembly robots.
Figure 8-8 Flexible assembly schematic
1 —— driverless conveying device 2 — conveyor belt 3 — arms assembly robot 4 — n5 — twist thread robot 6 — artificially artificial artificial artificial Installation station 8 — investment workstation
Figure 8-8 is a schematic diagram of FAL. There are unmanned driving conveying devices in the line, teleportation belt 2, arms assembly robot 3, assembly robot 4, twisting thread robot 5, automatic assembly assembly, automatic assembly assembly Station 6, artificial assembly station 7 and investment workstation 8 and other composition. There are feeders and feed robots in the investment workstation. The library has a multi -layer overlapping box. These boxes can be pulled out, also called drawers, and the parts to be installed are stored in these boxes. The feasting robot has a variety of clamps, which can automatically remove the parts from the box and place it in a tray. The tray with parts with parts is automatically sent to the assembly robot or assembly station by the conveyor belt.
6. Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS)
Computer System (Computer System) is a kind of market analysis, product design, processing manufacturing, operation management, after -sales service and integration. The control and information processing function enables the information flow, material flow, value flow and human resources of the enterprise to achieve organic integration of human resources, realize the rapid update of products, greatly improved productivity, stable quality, effective use of funds, reduced losses, reasonable personnel allocation of personnel, fast markets, fast markets A new enterprise production model for feedback and good services. The function composition of
1, cims
cims includes the following content, as shown in Figure 8-9.
(1) Management function CIMS can reasonably allocate and effectively coordinate production plans, materials procurement, warehousing and transportation, funds and finance and human resources.
(2) The design function CIMS can use technical means such as CAD, CAE, CAPP (computer -aided process compilation), NCP (CNC program compilation) to achieve product design and process design.
(3) The manufacturing function CIMS can automatically organize production equipment (CNC, FMC, FMS, FAL, Robotics, etc.), storage and transportation equipment and auxiliary equipment (feeding, crumbs, cleaning and other equipment) to complete according to process requirements Manufacturing process.
Figure 8-9 CIMS composition
(4) Quality control function CIMS uses CAQ (computer-aided quality management) to complete the quality management and quality assurance of the production process. , Also participate in the test and monitoring of the production process in the hardware.
(5) Integrated control and network functions CIMS adopts multi -layer computer management mode, such as factory control level, workshop control level, unit control level, workstation control level, equipment control level, etc. And rely on the network to implement information transmission. CIMS can also establish network communication channels with customers to achieve automatic ordering, service feedback, and foreign association cooperation.
In from the above introduction, Cims is currently the highest -level automated manufacturing system, but this does not mean that CIMS is a fully automated manufacturing system. In fact, the degree of automation of CIMS is even lower than the flexible manufacturing system. CIMS emphasizes information integration, not the automation of the manufacturing process logistics. The main feature of Cims is that the system is very large, including a lot of content. It is very difficult to fully achieve it in a enterprise. However, some integration methods can be adopted to gradually realize the information and functional integration of the entire enterprise. The key technologies of
2, Cims
Cims are the products of the comprehensive application of traditional manufacturing technology, automation technology, information technology, management science, network technology, and system engineering technology. They are complex and huge system engineering. The main features of CIMS are computerization, informatization, intelligence, and high integration. At present, various countries are in the application stage of local integration and lower levels. The key technologies that CIMS needs to solve mainly include information integration, process integration, and enterprise integration.
(1) Information integration aims at different units of design, management and processing and manufacturing to achieve correct and efficient sharing and exchange of information. It is a problem that improves enterprise technology and management levels. The primary problem of information integration is to establish a system model for enterprises. Use the system model of the enterprise to scientifically analyze and the functional relationship, information relationship and dynamic relationship of each part of the enterprise, and solve the relationship between the material flow, information flow, value flow, and decision -making flow of the enterprise. This is the integration of enterprise information integration. Base. Secondly, because the system contains different operating systems, control systems, databases, and application software, and different communication protocols may be used between various systems, information integration must also deal with interface problems between information.
(2) In order to improve the goals such as T (efficiency), Q (quality), C (cost), S (service), E (environment), integrated enterprises must be processed in addition to information integration. Optimization and coordination between good process. Process integration requires product development, process design, manufacturing, and supply of various serial processes to transform into parallel processes as much as possible. Wait, and foresee the quality of the product, after -sales service content, etc. Process integration also includes rapid reactions and dynamic adjustments, that is, when there is no predictive deviation in a certain process, the relevant process is adjusted in time to adjust the plan and plan.
(3) Enterprise integration makes full use of global material resources, information resources, technical resources, manufacturing resources, talent resources, and user resources to meet the intelligentization of human -centered products centered. For the goal, the integration of enterprises is to solve the key technologies of resource sharing, resource optimization, information services, virtual manufacturing, parallel engineering, and network platforms.

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