costume jewelry wholesale downtown los angeles What is CPI?

costume jewelry wholesale downtown los angeles

1 thought on “costume jewelry wholesale downtown los angeles What is CPI?”

  1. wholesale body jewelry usa In popular terms, what is the CPI you understand? Its specific meaning is? The following is what I mean by the popular CPI I compiled by you for your reference!
    Wopic speaking what CPI means CPI is the consumption of residents consumption. The abbreviation of the consumer price index.
    This is the relative number of the price level of a group of representative consumer goods and service items over time, which is used to reflect the changes in the price level of consumer goods and services for residents' families.
    The concept of CPI (1) Basic definition of CPI
    CPI is the English name of Consumer Price Index (Consumer Price Index), which is usually called residents' consumer price index. my country canceled the preparation of the cost of living expenses in 1944, and began to officially enable the consumer price index of residents. The CPI is a set of changes in the price level of representative goods and service projects that residents purchased and used for consumption. The relative number of changes in the price level and the trend of changes. It is the result of a comprehensive summary of the consumer price index of urban residents and the consumer price index of rural residents. Due to the difference in the base period and the level of the indicator summary, the current preparation of CPI in my country includes the following series of indicators: the average price of the specifications, the individual index of the representative product, the monthly basic classification price index, and the monthly category price index month -on -year index The fixed -base price index, the month -on -month index, the month -on -year index, the cumulative year -on -year index, and the price of the above year are the index.
    (2) The main purpose of CPI
    In general, there are three main uses of CPI:
    The economic indicators for measurement of inflation or tightening, which is often used to measure the general currency of the entire economy Expansion provides a basis for decision -making for national macro -control. One of the characteristics of inflation (or tightening) is that the price level is continuous and generally rising (or decrease). At this time, the change in price levels is generally described by CPI. Therefore, CPI is the main economic indicator of measurement inflation (or tightening), and it is also an important reference basis for my country's macro -control management.
    I is used for the national economic accounting. In the process of calculating GDP, in order to eliminate the effects of price factors, CPI uses CPI to reduce the final current price consumption, and the residents will eventually consume the price.
    It is used for indexed adjustments. CPI is usually used to adjust the amount of currency flows such as wages, interest, rent, taxation n, reduces the expenditure or currency income calculated at the current price, and compensate for changes in consumer goods and service prices or living expenses in part or or all. , Measure the real situation of consumption and income. CPI can also be used to adjust the capital value of certain monetary assets and liabilities, or to calculate the purchasing power parity of consumer consumption expenditure.
    CPI's preparation Introduction
    The main links of CPI compilation include: determination of product basket-collection of price data-collection of weight data-selection of compilation methods-the necessary adjustment of the CPI index compilation of compilation of the CPI index Wait.
    (1) Determination of the product basket. The National CPI covers food, residence, tobacco, alcohol and supplies, clothing, home equipment and maintenance services, medical care and personal supplies, transportation and education, cultural supplies, and services that are consumed by urban and rural residents from all over the country. The prices of 39 categories, 262 basic categories, and more than 600 species of goods and service items. House prices are not included in CPI statistics. It is an international practice. In the preparation of CPIs in my country, it uses the cost method for its own housing, which means that the estimated rent of the housing in the house consumption in the residence is reflected.
    (2) Collection of price data. The data comes from more than 500 cities and counties in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) nationwide, 63,000 national CPI price collection 旳 survey outlets, including food mixed stores, department stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, professional markets, specialty stores, shopping centers, shopping centers, shopping centers As well as the farmer's market and various service consumer units, the scope of investigation covers 130,000 households. The specific sampling survey method is to select a set of commodity and service items that residents often consume, have a greater impact on the lives of residents within a certain period of time. In the survey outlets, the price of various commodities and service items is collected to summarize the price index at all levels. "Dingren" means that the same investigator investigates the same commodity project within a certain period of time. It's OK.
    (3) Collection of weight data. The weight in the CPI refers to the proportion of consumer expenditures of each large category of goods and service projects in the total expenditure of all commodities and service projects of the residents. The weights in my country's CPI are mainly determined based on the specific expenditure proportion of various types of goods and service projects of 130,000 urban and rural households in the country. Based on the data survey of urban and rural residents' consumption expenditures in the country in 2010 and statistical data from relevant departments, the number of CPI rights was adjusted for the number of CPI rights in 2011 in accordance with the routine system.
    (4) CPI compilation method. There are two calibers of CPIs compiled every month in China: one is a year -on -year CPI, which is the basis of the same period of the same period, reflecting the price change in a period of a period; Quickly reflect the sudden price changes in a short time. The CPI calculation formula is: CPI = (—— The value of the fixed product calculated at the current price/a set of fixed products calculated at the base price) X100%.
    The average price of the specifications according to the simple arithmetic average method, the average sample data of different time points within a month is obtained;
    The average price of the base period is obtained; the monthly basic classification price index is calculated in accordance with the geometric average method, that is, the Jevons index formula;
    Report the monthly fixed basis index = report monthly index of the monthly index × last month fixed index; -1PT/PT-1, where WT-1 is the number of reports of the report, PT and PT-1 are the report of the report month and last month
    ;
    Fixed -base index;
    The cumulative average index = sum of the fixed base index each month this year ÷ the sum of the fixed base index in the same period of the previous year. When the reporting period is December, it is the cumulative average of the year; Specify the comparison period index = report monthly fixed -based index ÷ December of the last year;
    In the above index, the preparation of the fixed base index is compiled by a chain pull index method. The method is scientific. The calculation method of the basic classification index and the annual average index does not conform to the principle of preparation of the index.
    The question of the current CPI calculation method
    (1) The calculation method of an improved annual price index.
    If according to the "Statistics Survey Plan for Resident Consumption Price Index", the calculation method of my country's annual price index is directly transformed by the monthly price index. Average/The average number of fixed -based indexes this year
    The molecular denominator in the above formulas is calculated by simple arithmetic average method, respectively. The use of this method is relatively simple to convert monthly data to annual data, but the use of arithmetic average method is averaging for relative numbers, which is contrary to the basic principles of statistics. It is puzzling. The calculation results have no practical significance.
    Is we plan to use a new method calculation. The calculation formula is:
    I I am the annual price index of a basic classification of the year; PI is the annual average price of the first year of goods, T
    is the report year ,
    T-1 is one year ago; wi is weight. The above steps are used to calculate the annual price index. Although the calculation amount
    is large, but its significance is clear and conforms to the basic principles of statistics.
    (2) Adjust the sub -weights and types of residential categories
    The residential housing expenditure to the residential subdivision project, and increase the weight of the residential category according to its proportion of the consumer expenditure of residents across the country.
    MPI index consumer price index council generally purchased macroeconomic indicators for consumer goods and service price levels. It is the relative number of the price level of a group of representative consumer goods and service items over time, which is used to reflect the changes in the price level of consumer goods and services for residents' families.
    The resident consumer price statistics survey the final price of social products and service projects. On the one hand, it is closely related to the lives of the people, and at the same time, it also has an important position in the entire national economic price system. It is an important indicator of economic analysis and decision -making, total price monitoring and regulation, and national economic accounting. The rate of change reflects the degree of inflation or tightening to a certain extent. Generally speaking, the price and continuous rise are considered inflation.
    1 The purpose of preparation
    CPI is an important economic indicator reflecting the changes in consumer goods and service price levels related to residents' life. It is also an important indicator of macroeconomic analysis and decision -making and national economic accounting. Generally speaking, the height of the CPI directly affects the introduction and intensity of the state's macroeconomic regulation measures, such as whether the central bank regulates interest rates and adjust the deposit reserve rate. At the same time, the level of CPI also indirectly affects the changes in the capital market (such as the stock market).
    The purpose of preparing the consumer price index of residents is to understand the basic situation of price changes across the country, analyze the impact of changes in price on socio -economic and residents, and meet the needs of governments at all levels to formulate policies and plans, and make macro -control. And providing reference and basis for the national economic accounting and basis of
    The consumer price index (CPI) and the employment situation report (non -agricultural), which has become another popular economic indicator in the financial market, because Inflation affects everyone. It determines how much consumers spend to buy goods and services. The cost of business operations is greatly destroyed by individual or enterprises, affecting the quality of life of retirees. Moreover, the outlook for inflation helps to establish labor contracts and formulate government fiscal policies.
    The consumer price index measures the average change value of more than 200 various types of commodities and service retail prices over time. These 200 products and services are divided into 8 major categories. When calculating the consumer's price index, each category has the number of rights that can show its importance. These rights are determined by investigating the products and services they purchased by thousands of families and individuals. The number of powers is revised every two years to make them match with people's changes.
    2 mainly affects
    CPI is a lagging data, but it is often an important reference indicator of market economic activities and government monetary policy. CPI stability, full employment, and GDP growth are often the most important socio -economic goals. However, from the perspective of China's reality, the stability and importance of CPI are not as "certain authoritative, and the economic activities of the market will be adjusted according to the changes in CPI."
    The impact on the exchange rate
    The impact of inflation on the US dollar is not clear. Usually, in a healthy economic expansion, increasing US dollar interest rates can make the dollar more attractive. If the rise in interest rates is mainly from the rise in inflation, it will damage the US dollar. The higher inflation rate has damaged the value of the US dollar investment held by foreigners, so the continuous rise in CPI has a negative impact on the US dollar. Currency traders are also very sensitive to other subtle differences. For example, traders in the foreign exchange market believe that the Fed has quickly acted and flexibly controls the pressure of inflation, and the US dollar may maintain its value or even appreciate.
    3 Basic functions
    1. Measurement of inflation (firming). CPI is an important indicator of inflation. Inflation is a general rise in prices. The height of the CPI can explain the severity of inflation at a certain level;
    2. The national economic accounting. In the national economic accounting, various price indexes are needed. Such as the consumer price index (CPI), the producer price index (PPI), and the GDP flat reduction index to calculate the GDP, thereby eliminating the impact of the price factors;
    3. The contract index adjustment. For example, in the salary and remuneration negotiations, because employees hope that salary (nominal) can grow equal or higher than CPI, hoping that the nominal salary will be automatically adjusted with the increase in CPI. The timing of its adjustment is usually lower than the actual inflation rate after inflation occurs;
    4. Reflecting the change of currency purchasing power: currency purchasing power refers to the number of consumer goods and services that the unit can buy. The consumer price index rose, while the currency purchasing power declined; otherwise, it rose. The countdown to the consumer price index is the monetary purchasing power index.
    5. Reflecting the impact of the actual salary of employees: The increase in the consumer price index means a reduction in actual salary, and the decline in the consumer price index means
    The actual salary is increased. Therefore, the consumer price index can be used to transform the nominal salary into actual salary.
    6. The impact of CPI on the stock market: Under normal circumstances, prices rose, stock prices rose; prices fell, and stock prices fell.
    4 Calculation formula
    CPI = (a set of fixed products calculated at the current price/a set of fixed products calculated at the base price) × 100%. The number of fixed rights is calculated according to the weighted arithmetic average index formula, that is, K = σkw/σW, and the number of fixed rights is W. Among them, the K of the molecule in the formula is an individual index of various sales volume.
    CPI indicates that for the expenditure of ordinary families, buying a representative group of products is more expensive today than a certain time in the past. The cost is 800 yuan, and the cost of buying this group of products in 2000 is 1,000 yuan, so the consumer price index of the country in 2000 (based on 1995) CPI = 1000/800 × 100%= 125%, also That is to say, it has increased (125%-100%) = 25%.
    It we are more concerned about the inflation rate in daily life. It is defined as a percentage of price changes from one period to another. The formula is
    . , PT and P (T-1) represent the price level of the T period (representative reporting period) and T-1 period (representative period).
    If the consumer price index introduced above to measure the price level, the inflation rate is the percentage of the consumer price index changes in different periods. For example, the consumer price index of an economy increased from 100 last year to 112 this year. 12%, manifested as a 12%increase in prices.
    The CPI index of the current China is calculated based on the previous year as the base period (100), not based on a certain period of history as the base period.
    5 derivative meanings
    The core CPI refers to the consumer price index that will be eliminated by the product price of climate and seasonal factors. By 2013, my country has not clearly defined the core CPI. The United States is the consumer price index of residents after the exclusion of fuel and food prices as the core CPI.
    Mochorite was first proposed by American economist Robert J.Gordon in 1975. Its background was compared with the influence of the first oil crisis from 1974 to 1975 and 1975. Significantly inflation, and the rise in consumer prices at that time was mainly affected by the rise in food prices and energy prices. At that time, many economists believed that the rise in food and energy prices in the United States was mainly affected by the supply factors, and it was less affected by demand. Horizontal change method.
    In since 1978, the US Labor Statistics has announced the increase rate after removing food and energy prices from the consumer price index and production price index (PPI). However, in the American economics community, there is still a lot of arguments about whether to deduct food and energy prices from CPIs to deduct food and energy prices, and there are many opponents.

Leave a Comment

Shopping Cart